Comparison of insulin vs oral hypoglycaemia agents on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: A retrospective study

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition that requires precise glucose control to avoid complications. Insulin therapy and oral hypoglycaemic drugs (OHAs) are both commonly utilized, although their relative efficacy is still important in clinical practice.
Objectives: To assess the efficacy of insulin against oral hypoglycaemic medications for glycaemic control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients over a 12-month period.
Methods: This retrospective analysis comprised 145 participants with type 2 diabetes. The patients were divided into two groups: insulin therapy (n=70) and oral hypoglycaemic medicines (n=75). Data on HbA1c, FBS, and PPBS were gathered. Statistical analysis was conducted using t-tests and chi-square tests, with p-values <0.05 considered significant.
Results: Patients on insulin therapy had much better glycaemic control than those taking oral medications. The insulin group had decreased mean HbA1c levels (7.5 vs 8.2, p=0.01). FBS and PPBS levels were considerably lower in the insulin group (p<0.05). A greater number of patients achieved satisfactory glycaemic control with insulin (65% vs 45%, p=0.02). However, hypoglycaemia occurred more frequently in the insulin group (20% versus 10%, p=0.04).
Conclusion: Insulin therapy offers better glycaemic control than oral hypoglycaemic medications, but it is associated with a higher risk of hypoglycaemia. Individualized treatment strategies are critical for balancing efficacy and safety.