Hematological Disorders: Biochemical Aspects and Pathological Features – A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

 Background: Hematological disorders encompass a wide range of conditions affecting blood cells and coagulation
mechanisms. Biochemical parameters and pathological features are essential for diagnosis, classification, and prognosis.
Objective: To evaluate the biochemical alterations and pathological characteristics associated with hematological disorders
in a tertiary care setting.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Narayan Medical College, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Bihar,
from January 25, 2025 to January 25, 2026. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with hematological disorders were included.
Parameters analyzed included complete blood count (CBC), serum iron, ferritin, vitamin B12, lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH), and peripheral smear findings.
Results: Significant alterations were observed in hemoglobin, serum ferritin, vitamin B12, and LDH levels (p < 0.05).
Peripheral smear analysis revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia as the most common pattern, followed by normocytic
and macrocytic changes. Strong correlations were identified between biochemical markers and pathological severity.
Conclusion: Biochemical parameters combined with pathological evaluation provide valuable insights into hematological
disorders, aiding early diagnosis and management.