Interleukin-6 Gene Promoter Region Polymorphism in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by enlargement of the ventricular chambers with reduced myocardial contractility, leading to impaired cardiac performance. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and inflammatory mechanisms. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a key role in myocardial remodeling, and polymorphisms in its promoter region may influence disease susceptibility and severity.
Objective: To examine the relationship between IL-6 promoter gene polymorphism and clinical outcomes among patients with DCM.
Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary care center inPawapuri, over 10 months (April 2025–January 2026). A total of 110 patients diagnosed with DCM were included. IL-6 promoter polymorphism (−174 G/C) was analyzed using PCR-based techniques. Clinical parameters and outcomes were recorded and statistically analyzed.
Results: The GG genotype was most prevalent (52.7%), followed by GC (34.5%) and CC (12.8%). Patients with the CC genotype showed significantly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and higher NYHA class. The CC genotype was associated with increased hospitalization and mortality.
Conclusion: IL-6 promoter polymorphism is significantly associated with disease severity and outcomes in DCM patients, suggesting its potential role as a prognostic biomarker.