Risk Factors for Meconium Stained Liquor and Outcome of Neonate in Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid

Abstract

Background: Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is a common obstetric finding associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. It may indicate fetal distress, placental insufficiency, or physiological gastrointestinal maturation in term pregnancies. Early recognition of maternal and intrapartum risk factors is important for timely intervention and improved neonatal outcomes.
Objective: To identify risk factors associated with meconium-stained liquor and evaluate neonatal outcomes among deliveries complicated by MSAF.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over two years (January 2024 to January 2026) in 100 women with meconium-stained liquor during labor. Maternal demographic data, obstetric risk factors, intrapartum variables, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. Chi-square test was used, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Postdated pregnancy (32%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (18%), oligohydramnios (16%), and prolonged labor (14%) were the commonest risk factors. Thick meconium was present in 42% cases and was significantly associated with low Apgar score at 5 minutes (p=0.01), meconium aspiration syndrome (p=0.003), NICU admission (p=0.002), and cesarean delivery (p=0.02). Overall NICU admission rate was 24%, while meconium aspiration syndrome occurred in 12% neonates.
Conclusion: Meconium-stained liquor is strongly associated with postdated pregnancy and hypertensive disorders. Thick meconium significantly increases adverse neonatal outcomes. Prompt intrapartum monitoring and early neonatal resuscitation are essential to reduce morbidity.